INTRODUCE NETWORK BASIC

Basic Networking Devices
Hardware needed to make the computer jarinan namely :a. computerb . transmission mediac . connectorsd . Network interface card ( NIC )e . concentratorf . operating systemg . Additional equipment :     -Crimping tool     -cable tester
b.1 . Types of transmission cables Media

                B.1.1 Twisted Pair cable ( shielded and unshielded )

                Twisted pair cable can be divided into 2 kinds which have shielded and unshielded sheath wrapping the sheath has no wrapper . Characteristics of the following cables :
Ditwist is a pair of wires ( twisted ) together with the goal of reducing electricity intererensi . May consist of two , four , or more cable pairs . There are two types of twisted pair cables , namely , UTP ( unshielded twisted pair ) and STP ( shielded twisted pair ) . Can pass signals up to 10 - 100Mbps Can only handle one channel of data ( baseband ) Connection on this cable uses an RJ - 11 or RJ - 45 STP is more resistant to interference than UTP and can operate at speeds up to 100Mbps which is higher
B.1.2 Coaxial Cable
cable properties as follows :
Most popular used in LAN network Bandwithnya wide , so it can be used as a broadband communication ( multiple channels ) There are various such as cable TV coax cable , thick , ARCnet , and thin coax Thick coax known as 10Base5 , usually used in the backbone cabling between buildings ethernet network installation . These cables are not flexible and heavy , but can reach a distance of 500m with 2500m even repeaters . Thin coax better known as RG - 58 , cheapernet , 10Base2 , and thinnet . Good use for Bus and Ring topology because it is easily handled physically .
B.1.3 Fiber Optic
The technology is growing in the era of its use . The following properties of FO cables :expensive wide bandwidth Almost no resistance and loss Can not be spliced ​​in the middle Not bothered by the hot weather The main cable future of this technology .
b.2 . Wireless Transmission Media

                Wireless transmission medium is a transmission medium that does not use wires in the use of traffic data movement . Wireless transmission medium among the following :

                B.2.1 Bluetooth

                a transmission medium that utilizes communication signals from other devices that use Bluetooth technology . The downside of this is the transmission medium can not be used in remote distances . Maximum distance from the transmission medium is 2 meters . And also , when using the media link device it should not be mutually deterred such as walls , glass , doors , and in the water .

                B.2.2 Wifi

                a transmission medium that uses wireless acess point as konsentratornya and the computer must have a wifi card in order to capture the signal and can access the signal so that it can communicate with other computers through wifi media .

                B.2.3 WiMax

                WiMax is a wireless technology that have or provide broadband relationships over long distances . WiMax has the legal standards and certified by the IEEE 802.16 standard .

                What distinguishes WiFi with WiMax is a technical standard to join in it . Here is the standardization of IEEE for wireless transmission media :
Table 1 . Agency workers in IEEE

WORKING GROUP	BENTUK KEGIATAN
IEEE802.1	Standarisasi interface lapisan atas HILI (High Level Interface) dan Data Link termasuk  MAC (Medium Access Control) dan LLC (Logical Link Control)
IEEE802.2	Standarisasi lapisan LLC
IEEE802.3	Standarisasi lapisan MAC untuk CSMA/CD (10Base5, 10Base2, 10BaseT, dll.)
IEEE802.4	Standarisasi lapisan MAC untuk Token Bus
IEEE802.5	Standarisasi lapisan MAC untuk Token Ring
IEEE802.6	Standarisasi lapisan MAC untuk MAN-DQDB (Metropolitan Area Network-Distributed  Queue Dual Bus.)
IEEE802.7	Grup pendukung BTAG (Broadband Technical Advisory Group) pada LAN
IEEE802.8	Grup pendukung FOTAG (Fiber Optic Technical Advisory Group.)
IEEE802.9	Standarisasi ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) dan IS (Integrated Services ) LAN
IEEE802.10	Standarisasi masalah pengamanan jaringan (LAN Security.)
IEEE802.11	Standarisasi masalah wireless LAN dan CSMA/CD bersama IEEE802.3
IEEE802.12	Standarisasi masalah 100VG-AnyLAN
IEEE802.14	Standarisasi masalah protocol CATV

                c . connectors
1 . The RJ - 45 = connector used for UTP cable
2 . DB - 9 = connector used for STP cable
3 . BNC , BNC - T , Terminator = connector used for coaxial cable
4 . = ST connectors are used for Fiber Optic Cable

                d . Karti Network ( Network Interface Card )

                The network card is an additional device that is mounted on the motherboard slot that serves the drainage slots of data sharing . The network card is what determines what topology to be used in the network . Distribution of the types of network card :
1 . Cards Arc - Net network
2 . Jarinan Card Token Ring
3 . Ethernet Network Card
4 . The Fast Ethernet network card
5 . Giga Ethernet network card
e . concentrator
1 . Hub
2 . Hubs switches
3 . Switch
4 . The access point
5 . Routers / bridges

                f . enhancements in network

                1 . Cable Tester

                It is a useful tool for cable menegecek that we connect with the connector if susunanny a corresponding order or there is still the wrong order .

                2 . Tang Claims ( Crimping Tool )

                Is a yangberfungsi pliers to connect the cable to the connector that we want . This tool is usually used on UTP cable with RJ - 45 connectors .

                g . Operating system

                The main requirement of a system operation can be jarinan Operating System is :
· Stable
· Secure
· Supports natively network
· Multiuser
· Can do multitasking operating
· Can support the use of hardware
· User friendly